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Laxman Shrestha 博士による報告 日付:2006年11月28日(原文)
Report by Dr. Laxman Shrestha Date: 28 November, 2006
FEVER AND HEADACHE Fever
The symptom of a fever depends on what is causing it. Sometimes a fever
can cause a chill. A chill occurs because when the brain raises the body's
"thermostat," the body responds by shivering to raise the temperature.
Shivering produces heat in the body. Once the temperature goes up, the
person often feels warm. When the fever goes away, the person may start
to sweat. Fever can be caused by many conditions. Some conditions that
cause them are: infections such as strep throat, pneumonia, flu and chickenpox,
tissue injuries, silicosis, tumors or cancer diseases that cause inflammation,
rheumatoid arthritis, medications, and being in a hot environment for too
long. The main risk of mild or moderate fevers is dehydration. When a person
has a fever, they need more fluids than usual. A fever greater than 106
degrees Fahrenheit can result in brain damage and possibly death. Fevers
greater than 106 degrees are very unusual. A thermometer is used to measure
the body temperature. The temperature can be taken in the mouth, rectum,
ear, or under the arm. Treatment is usually directed at whatever is causing
the fever. Some steps that can help bring down a fever or comfort a person
include the following: Acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help reduce a fever.
Fevers greater than 106 degrees F are very serious. These high fevers need
to be treated in the hospital. If you believe you may have a fever, please
consult your doctor. Headache A headache (medically known as cephalgia)
is a condition of mild to severe pain in the head; sometimes neck or upper
back pain may also be interpreted as a headache. It ranks amongst the most
common local pain complaints. Headaches have a wide variety of causes,
ranging from eyestrain, sinusitis and tension to life-threatening conditions
such as encephalitis, brain cancer, meningitis, and cerebral aneurysms.
When the headache occurs in conjunction with a head injury the cause is
usually quite evident; however, many causes of headaches are more elusive.
The most common type of headache is a tension headache. Some experience
headaches when dehydrated.Treatment of uncomplicated headache is usually
symptomatic with over-the-counter painkillers such as aspirin, paracetamol
(acetaminophen) or ibuprofen, although some specific forms of headaches
(e.g. migraine) may demand other, more suitable treatment. There are four
types of headache: vascular, myogenic (muscle tension), traction, and inflammatory.
The most common type of vascular headache is migraine. Migraine headaches
are usually characterized by severe pain on one or both sides of the head,
an upset stomach, and, at times, disturbed vision. It is more common in
women. After migraine, the most common type of vascular headache is the
"toxic" headache produced by fever. Other kinds of vascular headaches
include cluster headaches, which cause repeated episodes of intense pain,
and headaches resulting from high blood pressure (rare). Muscular/myogenic
headaches appear to involve the tightening or tensing of facial and neck
muscles; they may radiate to the forehead. Tension headache is the most
common form of myogenic headache. Traction and inflammatory headaches are
symptoms of other disorders, ranging from stroke to sinus infection. Like
other types of pain, headaches can serve as warning signals of more serious
disorders. This is particularly true for headaches caused by inflammation,
including those related to meningitis as well as those resulting from diseases
of the sinuses, spine, neck, ears and teeth. Not all headaches require
medical attention, and respond with simple analgesia (painkillers) such
as paracetamol/acetaminophen or members of the NSAID class (such as aspirin
or ibuprofen). In recurrent unexplained headaches, healthcare professionals
may recommend keeping a "headache diary" with entries on type
of headache, associated symptoms, precipitating and aggravating factors.
This may reveal specific patterns, such as an association with medication,
menstruation and absenteeism. Some forms of headache may be amenable to
preventative treatment, such as migraine. On the whole, long-term use of painkillers is discouraged as this may lead to
"rebound headaches" on withdrawal